原始起源

英語是一門逐漸發(fā)展演變的語言，早在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期，英語的結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)只有以下這兩種，即簡(jiǎn)單句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)。

主+謂+賓 主+系+表

主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。在原始的簡(jiǎn)單句中，主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞表示。例如：

During the 1990s, Americancountry musichas become more and more popular.(名詞)

Weoften speak English in class.(代詞)

One-thirdof the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)

The richshould help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)

謂語(動(dòng)詞)：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：

1.簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practicesrunning every morning.

2.復(fù)合謂語：(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keepthe book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students.

在英語中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞(知道為什么嗎)，而且，我們平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)是針對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞來說。如果以do為例，do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在簡(jiǎn)單句中，謂語動(dòng)詞和主語是句子的核心，是不可以隨意刪掉的。

賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：

They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

The heavy rain prevented mefrom coming to school on time.(代詞)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)

They helped the oldwith their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞。

Our teacher of English is anAmerican.(名詞)

Is it yours?(代詞)

The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)

The speech is exciting.(分詞)

Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)