四、名詞在句子中的作用

名詞在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以作狀語(yǔ)。

名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。

1、主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

All roads lead to Rome.(條條大路通羅馬。)

His brother is an industrial engineer.

The number of the students attending the party is increasing.

★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無(wú)論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.

★two-thirds 三分之二

幾分之幾作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式。

belong to 屬于某人

Both of us are studying English.

★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，the number of 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;

幾分之幾，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式;

both 謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2、主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother.

Forgetting the past means betrayal.

What we are talking now is useless.

3、主語(yǔ)部分若有as well as，with，together with，like，but，except等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語(yǔ)前面的名詞一致。

Mary，as well as her two sisters，is a student of this school.

(as well as her two sisters 作主語(yǔ)Mary的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ) Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

No one except my friends knows anything about it.

4、表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

“…+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。

Three times two is six.

Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres.(three kilometers作為整體來(lái)看)

5、Either，neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Neither of us has been to Italy.

Has either of them been to Shanghai?

none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

None of the students have/has seen the film.

None of the money belongs to me.

6、主語(yǔ)由either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式由最鄰近的主語(yǔ)決定。

Not only you but also I am wrong.

Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

Either you or she is to do the work.

7、主語(yǔ)中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

The bread and butter is nice.

8、主語(yǔ)前有many a，more than one修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Many a book has been read by the students.

★many a book=many books

More than one person has been to the Great Wall.

9、集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個(gè)獨(dú)立的個(gè)體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

The committee meets once a year.(作為整體)

The committee are having a meeting now.(作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)

People，police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The police have come to arrest him.

名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)：

1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個(gè)詞是不可數(shù)名詞。

2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。

3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時(shí)間名詞所有格在其后加s，復(fù)數(shù)不加。

4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)。