賓語從句
1.定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句。
3.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:
(1)從屬連詞that.如:
He told us that he felt ill.他對我們說他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。
注: that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時(shí),that不能省略。)
大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí),that不能省略。)
對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí),that不可省略。)
我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。
4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。)
鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。
(2)從屬連詞if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會成功。
I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。
(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
連接副詞 where,when,how,why.
如:
Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會告訴你我為什么要你來。
You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
(1)介詞賓語從句
賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。
有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如:
I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。
Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。
解釋:
1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不會屈服。
2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo),則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,只是有點(diǎn)粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會幫助你的。
介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo),而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如:
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?
3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能確定我該做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會我說的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。
4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter.試比較:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為“請告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲”。
5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如?/p>
I don’t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?
6.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律:
(1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老師說地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。