一、主要內(nèi)容型

[技巧點(diǎn)撥]弄清文章的大意，關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。

主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)，有時(shí)也在文中，或沒(méi)有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說(shuō)明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒(méi)有主題句，需要?dú)w納。

找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。

找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：

1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)時(shí)，其后的句子很可能是主題句。

2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是主題句。

3.作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。

4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus， in short，conclude， conclusion等。

經(jīng)典例題

1. That’s when Jack arrived on the scene. He was different from any other guy I’d dated. He could sit for hours on the piano bench with my mother, discussing some composers. My brother Rick loudly announced that Jack wasn’t a turkey like the other guys I’d brought home. Jack passed my family’s test. But what about Dad’s?

What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. Jack got the family’s approval except Dad’s.

B. Jack was different from any other boy.

C. Jack was getting on well with Mother.

D. Jack knew a lot about piano.

答案：A

解析：通過(guò)第二段的內(nèi)容可知Jack贏得了作者全家人的欣賞，但由于作者的父親已去世，作者不知道Jack在父親那兒是否也能通過(guò)，故A正確。

2. Have you ever been to the world’s smallest bookstore?

The world’s smallest bookstore, whose official name is just these three words, sits quietly about 100 miles northeast of Toronto.

What’s the passage mainly about?

A. The world’s smallest bookstore.

B. A strange way of selling books.

C. The popular books nowadays.

D. The popular bookstores in the world

答案：A

解析：文章第一段用一個(gè)問(wèn)句引出了本文的主題：你去過(guò)世界上最小的圖書(shū)館嗎?后文對(duì)該圖書(shū)館做了詳細(xì)的描述，所以本文的主題就是A項(xiàng)。

3. It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay S5 for a caramel brul6e latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情)，but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character. We infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance (符合)with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegufs advice： “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ’’

What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A. Personalities and attitudes.

B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities.

D. Attitudes and preferences.

答案：C

解析：本文的第一段提出普遍觀點(diǎn)“行為來(lái)自個(gè)性和態(tài)度”，第二段含but的首句才是本文要提出的觀點(diǎn)，“行為來(lái)自個(gè)性這是不可否認(rèn)的，但在許多情況下，我們會(huì)作出推論：我們是誰(shuí)”，第三段和第四段說(shuō)“我們的行為還來(lái)自于我們周圍人的壓力，可能并不是我們真實(shí)的愿望”即“行為不一定來(lái)自個(gè)性”，因此，全文是說(shuō)“行為與個(gè)性之間的關(guān)系”。 另外，文中不斷復(fù)現(xiàn)的詞即為本文的關(guān)鍵詞，是討論的中心。behavior (行為)共出現(xiàn)了8次(act一次, behavior六次, behave一次)，personalities(個(gè)性)以近義的形式復(fù)現(xiàn)了6次(inner dispositions, character, characters, inner disposition, true desires)，因此，本文主要討論的是behavior和personalities，故選C。